CITATIONS
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[0] => http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com
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[5] => oxfordhandbooks
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[1] => Array
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[0] => 10.1093
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[5] => 10
[6] => 1093
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[0] => 9780195326093.001.0001
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[4] => 9780195326093.
[5] => 001
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Tobias Hoffmann, “Conscience and Synderesis,” in The Oxford Handbook of Aquinas, ed. Brian Davies (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2012), http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195326093.001.0001/oxfordhb9780195326093-e-20.
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Richard Sorabji, Moral Conscience Throughout The Ages: Fifth Century BCE to the Present (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2014).
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Sorabji, Moral Conscience, 15
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Sorabji, Moral Conscience, 15.
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[0] => plato.stanford.edu
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[5] => stanford
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Alberto Giubilini, “Conscience,” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, winter 2016 ed., ed. Edward N. Zalta, http://
plato.stanford.edu/entries/conscience/.
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[0] => _EN.pdf
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[5] => _EN
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Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, I-II, question 19, article 5. See page 2716 of http://www.
documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/1225-1274,_Thomas_Aquinas,_Summa_Theologiae_%5B1%5D,_EN.pdf
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Douglas C. Langston, Conscience and Other Virtues: From Bonaventure to MacIntyre (University Park: Pennsylvania
State University Press, 2001), 39.
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Langston, Conscience and Other Virtues, 39.
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John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, ed. Mario Montuori (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1963), reproduced at the
Founders’ Constitution, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_assemblys7.html.
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John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Philadelphia: Kay & Troutman, 1846), 54 (book 1, chapter 3,
section 8).
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Robert K. Vischer, Conscience and the Common Good: Reclaiming the Space Between Person and State (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2010).
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Nathan S. Chapman, “Disentangling Conscience and Religion,” University of Illinois Law Review 2013, no. 1457 (2013):
1463.
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Kimberley Brownlee, Conscience and Conviction: The Case for Civil Disobedience (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2012), 79.
14) Array
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[0] => http://www.univforum.org
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[1] => Array
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[0] => 20Conscience_ENG.pdf
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[4] =>
[5] => 20Conscience_ENG
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Václav Havel, “Politics and Conscience,” Univforum, 1984, http://www.univforum.org/sites/default/files/HAVEL_
Politics%20Conscience_ENG.pdf.
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Mark Wicclair, Conscientious Objection in Health Care: An Ethical Analysis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2011), 4.
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Wicclair, Conscientious Objection in Health Care, 4.
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Janet Epp-Buckingham, Fighting over God: A Legal and Political History of Religious Freedom in Canada (Montreal:
McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2014), 144–47.
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Howard Kislowicz, Richard Haigh, and Adrienne Ng, “Calculations of Conscience: The Costs and Benefits of Religious
and Conscientious Freedom,” Alberta Law Review 48, no. 3 (2011): 707.
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R v Edward Books and Art Ltd, [1986] 2 SCR 713, 759.
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Martha Nussbaum, Liberty of Conscience: In Defense of America’s Tradition of Religious Equality (New York: Basic
Books, 2008), 168.
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Jocelyn Maclure and Charles Taylor, Secularism and Freedom of Conscience, trans Jane M. Todd (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 2011), 76.
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Richard Moon, Freedom of Conscience and Religion (Toronto: Irwin Law, 2014), 188.
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Paul Strohm, Conscience: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 39–42.
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R v Morgentaler, [1988] 1 SCR 30, 178.
25) Array
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[0] => www.refworld.org
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United Nations General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, December 10, 1948, 217 A. (III), Art. 1, http://
www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3712c.html.
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[0] => http://www.vatican.va
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[3] =>
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[5] => p3s1c1a6
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Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1780, the Vatican website, http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/
p3s1c1a6.htm.
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R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd, [1985] 1 SCR 295.
28) Array
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Elizabeth G. Epstein and Ann Baile Hamric, “Moral Distress, Moral Residue, and the Crescendo Effect,” Journal of
Clinical Ethics 20, no. 4 (2009): 330–42, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612701/.
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Epstein and Baile Hambric, “Moral Distress.”
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Chandran Kukathas, The Liberal Archipelago (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 55.
31) Array
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Wicclair, Conscientious Objection in Health Care, 11.
32) Array
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[0] => http://moralinjuryproject.syr.edu
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[5] => syr
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“What Is Moral Injury,” The Moral Injury Project, Syracuse University, http://moralinjuryproject.syr.edu/about-moralinjury/.
33) Array
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[0] => https://www.ptsd.va
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[1] => Array
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[2] =>
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[4] =>
[5] => moral_injury
[6] => asp
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US Department of Veterans Affairs, “Moral Injury in the Context of War,” https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/
cooccurring/moral_injury.asp.
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[0] => http://www.truth
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[5] => www
[6] => truth
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[0] => out.org
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[4] =>
[5] => out
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Diane Silver, “Beyond PTSD: Soldiers Have Injured Souls,” Truthout, September 3, 2011, http://www.truth-out.org/news/
item/3112:beyond-ptsd-soldiers-have-injured-souls.
35) Array
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See Andrew Fiala, “Pacifism,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, fall 2018 ed., https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/
pacifism/.
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Devi Prasad, War Is a Crime Against Humanity: The Story of War Resisters’ International (London: War Resisters’
International, 2005).
37) Array
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Andrea Janus, “Doctor Who Objects to Physician-Assisted Suicide Says Role Is in ‘Service of the Sanctity of Life,’”
CBC News, April 4, 2017, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/programs/metromorning/physician-assisted-deathreferral-1.4054329.
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See chapter 7 of Mary Anne Waldron, Free to Believe: Rethinking Freedom of Conscience and Religion in Canada
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013).
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[0] => https://www.amnesty.ca
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Amnesty International (Canada), “Prisoner of Conscience,” October 5, 2018, https://www.amnesty.ca/category/issue/
prisoner-of-conscience.
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Richard Haigh and Peter Bowal, “Whistleblowing and Freedom of Conscience: Towards a New Legal Analysis,”
Dalhousie Law Journal 35, no. 1 (2012): 89–125.
41) Array
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[0] => lois.justice.gc
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[4] => lois.
[5] => justice
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[0] => 15.html
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[4] =>
[5] => 15
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Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, section 1, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the
Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11, https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/const/page-15.html.
42) Array
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R v Big M Drug Mart.
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Mouvement laïque québécois v Saguenay (City), [2015] 2 SCR 3.
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Carter v Canada (Attorney General), [2015] 1 SCR 331, para. 132.
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R v Morgentaler, 166.
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Judith N. Shklar, Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964), 1–2.
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Maclure and Taylor, Secularism and Freedom of Conscience, 23.
48) Array
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[0] => https://plato.stanford.edu
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[2] => https
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[4] => plato.
[5] => stanford
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Daniel Stoljar, “Physicalism,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, winter 2017 ed., https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/
physicalism/.
49) Array
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[0] => https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca
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[5] => cbc
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See, for example, Jennie Russell, “Unassisted Death,” CBC News, https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/unassisteddeath.
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Epp-Buckingham, Fighting over God, 144–147.
51) Array
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[0] => https://plato.stanford.edu
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[2] => https
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[4] => plato.
[5] => stanford
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Tyler Doggett, “Moral Vegetarianism,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, fall 2018 ed., https://plato.stanford.edu/
entries/vegetarianism/.
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Shelley A.M. Gavigan, “Morgentaler and Beyond: Abortion, Reproduction, and the Courts,” in The Politics of Abortion,
by M. Janine Brodie, Shalley A.M. Gavigan, and Jane Jenson (Toronto: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 118.
53) Array
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[0] => washingtonpost.com
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[5] => washingtonpost
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[4] =>
[5] => 2005Mar27
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Rob Stein, “Pharmacists’ Rights at Front of New Debate,” Washington Post, March 28, 2005, http://www.
washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A5490-2005Mar27.html.
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The Christian Medical and Dental Society of Canada v College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, 2018 ONSC
579, para. 147.
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[0] => https://nationalpost.com
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Tom Blackwell, “B.C. Man Faced Excruciating Transfer After Catholic Hospital Refused Assisted-Death Request,”
National Post, September 27, 2016, https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/b-c-man-faced-excruciating-transfer-aftercatholic-hospital-refused-assisted-death-request.
56) Array
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Jessica Leeder, “I Wanted an Abortion in Nova Scotia, but All Around, Barriers Still Remained,” Globe and Mail,
September 22, 2018, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-i-wanted-an-abortion-in-nova-scotia-but-allaround-barriers-still/.
57) Array
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Udo Schuklenk, “Conscientious Objection in Medicine: Private Ideological Convictions Must Not Supercede Public
Service Obligations,” Bioethics 29, no. 5 (2015): ii.
58) Array
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[0] => http://www.cpso.on
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College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, “Find a Doctor,” http://www.cpso.on.ca/Public-Information-Services/
Find-a-Doctor.
59) Array
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[0] => http://www.huffingtonpost.com
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[5] => huffingtonpost
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Warren J. Blumenfeld, “Integrity and a Bridge Too Far,” Huffington Post, June 8, 2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/
warren-j-blumenfeld/integrity-and-a-bridge-to_b_10340368.html.